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W ill at. sari .llilElELlIChTTUlll" 01E Tltitlt l ltllhlltltli(lEl'UlElllllt) Uh l dllGlLdliLlllllTt/ihLllt'll't'lrlllllllllflllltttllil 'IO TTlElttlilElEtl,

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To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, PAUL EMIMEANUEL ll-llrronrrn Rousseau, a citizen ofthe French Republic, and resident or Paris, France, have inventedcertain new and useful improvements in application of the barlr (suber)of Melalcaca Zeucadendroa to therinic, hydraulic, and dielectricdevices, OflWllIlCll the following is a specification.

The Melaleuca are trees ot' the family of the Myrtaceae which, whengrowing in the Woods, attain a diameter of from 20 to l centimeters anda height oi? stern of 3, 5 and even 8 meters; when growing isolatedly inparticular grounds, they attain still greater dimensions.

The ll lelaleuca are common in Australia, in South China, Where they arecalled niaculi, tram or trame.

Now the present invention concerns the uses of the bark of said tree rl.rlis a noneonducting material applicable to the various thermicdevices (heat or cold) Qr-As an hydraulic lighter (cotlerdam, stoppersand the like} 3L-mls a dielectric. Y

This barh', about 10 to thick, is formed by series of millimeters thinsuperposed sheets at the rate of 10 sheets to a millimeter, stucktogether by a very small quantity of a resinous substance and by Whitedeposits of carbonate and oxalate oft lime, i

The reduction or separation or said sub stances is easy, either by amechanical ac tion, or under the action 0t Wet steam or by plunging samein a slightly alkaline Water and then into a slightly acid solution. The

resinous substance is first attacked by the allrali, then the carbonateand the oxalate oil lime are decomposed by the acidulated Water,

The first time the barlr of llllelaleuea is removed from the tree, it isfrom 10 to 15 millimeters thick, the second and the fur ther crops (acrop every five years) give a higher product,

The specific gravity of lllielaleuca barlr is about 0.18 to020, thespecific gravity ot usual cork being 024i to 0.26; thus the ll lelaleucabark is lighter than cork.

Uvvingl to in loliated constitution, the

ll lelaleuca bark is nibre compressible (Withlltpplication filed August533, 1930. Serial lilo. @5310.

out becoming torn) than the cork; it may even give Way to particulargauiterings or the like at high as Well as at low temperatures.

lit absorbs the moisture just like the cork when the sap ducts are notobstructed; however the least coating or paraftininp; ot' the edgesdiminish to a great extent its hygrometric properties.

A number cl patterns of Melaleuca bark and number of cork strips havebeen sub mitted to the action of the chemical ingredients decomposingsame, such as: more or less concentrated dissolutions of sulphuric acid,hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, alkaline solutions, gaseous chlorine andthe like.

The resistance of the ll/lelaleuca suber is at least comparable to thatof cork at any point ol' view The lamellated structure and the presenceof carbonate, and oaalate 0r lime provide a great resistance against thepassage of the calories.

The experiments on a steam pipe of 8 centimeters diameter at atemperature of 180 degrees "C. have proved Temperature C.

Thickness of the covering Economy of Mclaleuea eorlr. Diffs, of steam.

Inner Outer. ence Degrees Degrees. Degrees. Per cent. 5 millimeters 18070 110 61. 111 10 nullimeters. 180 60 120 66. 657 15 millimeters 180 40140 77. 773

l l l1en the coefiicient of conductibility of cork (Bourdon. cork), Whenfreshly applied, is (3:0.072 that of the Melaleuca cork is (3 0.05%.

This latter is nearly equal to the merit cient of the plaited or tressedsilk waste,

Which is C QOl-Ell.

This tressed silli Waste is the best of all insulating materials, but itis the most expensive,

l lzrperiments have been made:

1. "(in an engine called little horse Belleville running under apressure of ll kilos;

2. "On a pipe of 8 centimeters diameter through which was flowing: steamat a pressure or 7 kilos (engine VVeyer and Richmond) I Uni steam dryingapparatus ot a Westinghouse machine at a pressure of 10 kilos;

4. During several years on steam ducts of a factory (particular serviceof the city of Paris), with high pressure steam-l50 H. P.18 hours daily.

After three years, the state of conservation and adherence were the sameas the first day. A. withdrawing and a putting again in its place, atanother place, could be done without any difficulty.

A peculiarity was revealed at this occasion: Owing to the contact withthe hot walls, the first layer was transformed into a kind of varnish, alayer which only could increase the insulating power, the metal of thepipe having remained intact.

Its suppleness, the faculty to get strips or sheaths and plates of anydesired dimensions by superposing or juxtaposing, allow of the materialbeing readily and quickly put in place. Use may be made of ties, wire,wire gauze'frames and the like and preferably rolling'strips or bentsheaths laced round boot maker hooks or thelike. The elbows are laced inthe same way after radial incisions have been made;

For large wooden, metal or cement walls it may be applied in the shapeof sheaths, padding, lists or the like.

Itis easily applied and removed.

As to economy:

1. It is lighter than cork (0.18 instead of 0.24), so that the' weightof Melaleuca to be used is smaller than that ofcork.

2. It lasts at least three times more than cork;

3. 'It is more readily applied and removed.

Now,'when multiplying the cost price by two, the resulting selling priceof the novel insulating material is less cheaper than the cost price ofcork.

Theindustry may be thus provided with a very cheap non-conductiblematerial the properties of which correspond to the four requiredconditions: efiiciency, durability, easy applying and low cost price.

It may further be stated that its existence on hundreds of square milessecures a regular supply upon the markets and it secures to theexportation a large trafiic favourable to the change.

The product may be applied to frigoritic or isotherinic devices, suchas: frigoritlc rooms of frigo steamers.

Frigorific docks and stores;

Frigorifio or ice vehicles and railway carriages;

Ice rooms for meat shots, victual stores, pastrycooks shops, sherbetmaker shops, ammunition wagons and the like; refrigerating' boxes,refrigerating pipes, breweries, chaix, wine fermentation cellars, winestores.

Its application is pretty easy in shape of panels filled with bark, thewalls being made of wood, metal, armoured concrete and the like, or bystulling same between said walls.

However as the required thickness is live times smaller than that ofpowdered cork and twice smaller than the cork plates, is much moreconsiderable useful cube is got; the application may even be doneoutside the cooling chambers.

Said Melaleuca bark may also be applied to walls and roofs of houses asa heat rogulator in the cold or hot countries.

The fragments or waste used as stulling material request half the.thickness of the cork powder.

Further ZlPPllftltlOIlS maybe considered, as for instance:

Manufacturing of colonial helms, made of i natural strips. Resiliencycould be provided by a convenient lacquering.

Insoles or the interior or legs for winter boots.

securing the dural'iility.)

Tool handles in shape of plates or moulded being used as a float, itsascensional power i in water, and more particularly in sea water, beingvery high.

Effectively when dipping -intowater a block of one cubic decimeter ofMelaleuca cork, into which isintercalated a square steel (It would benecessary to'bordcr" same and to )l'OVlClG lines of stitchm s for plate10 centimeters long and 10 centimeters? wide and one centimeter thick,it immediately floats, as shows thefollowing calculation:

Sea 1mm.

Kgr. Kgr. Weight of the steel plate 0.780 1.025 Weight of the Melalcucacork 0.180

Difference 0.066

This leads to the conclusion that the problem of the continuouslyfloating of: the ships becomes at least disputable, as it consists araft, whilst help is requested by wireless telegraph.

Without limiting the attention to such considerations, which may betaken into consideration in the future, one may suggest to fit the upperworks of the ships (decks,

spardecks) with devices which may be taken down or unhooked by means ofa convenient arrangement and imagine a great number naaaiet of salvagemeans which may be quickly thrown over board, such as life buoys, tubes,that cannot be submerged, rafts or raft portions floats provided withcylinders that cannot be submerged and connected together like theuprights of a ladder and the like.

As to the lower works, cofierdams and blocks near the ceiling couldweaken the shocks. i

The current meter of a metal tube of 50 centimeters diameter stufledwith waste may support 100 kilogrs.

A wooden cylinder having a 10 centimeter diameter surrounded byMelaleuca plates centimeters thick and wrapped in fabric, may support150 kilogrs.

Thus the Melaleuca cork is indicated for any salvage devices used atsea, including hydroplane floats, iacings between the frame of the innerplane, the car of air ships and the like.

Melaleuca cork may give way to any kind of combinations for fishingfloats of any class.

Its application as cork or stopper may be considered; however the usualcork seems to be preferable and more pertaining to practhill tice forbottles; however its tightness (especially when compressed) may beutilized for closing vessels having a large neck.

Finally Melaleuca bark is an insulating or dielectric material.

The main and most important applications of the novel material have beenpointed out in the above description; it is however understood that afurther study may give ground to more applications; furthermore theMelaleuca tree may provide other sub stances, the profit of which lowersthe working cost of the bark. Said substances having been studied uponthe spot during seven years, the possibility of working them may beexposed.

Having now fully described my said invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. [kn insulating medium made of the bark of Me ZaZeaca Zcucadenclron.

2. An electrical insulating medium made of the bark of MclaleucaZeucadendron.

Willi. hltlllllfiihllllil. l-llPlPUlll'Tli. RUlJ-ih htl l.

Witnesses:

CLEMENT El. Enwanos, Grosses DEBROUCK.

